Shah Alam II
- Born:
- June 25, 1728, Delhi, Mughal Empire
- Died:
- November 19, 1806, Delhi, British India
- Nationality:
- Mughal
- Profession(s):
- Emperor of the Mughal Empire
Early Life and Education
- Born as Ali Gohar.
- Received traditional Mughal education.
- Spent much of his early life in the shadow of court intrigues and political instability.
Career and Major Achievements
- Ascended the Mughal throne in 1759 amidst a weakened empire.
- Faced constant challenges from the Marathas, the British East India Company, and various regional powers.
- Participated in the Battle of Buxar (1764) against the British, resulting in a decisive defeat for the Mughal forces.
- Issued the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British East India Company in 1765, granting them revenue collection rights.
- Spent several years under the protection of the Marathas before returning to Delhi under their auspices.
- Reigned as a puppet ruler, largely controlled by external powers.
Legacy and Impact
Shah Alam II's reign marked a significant decline in Mughal power. He ruled during a period of immense political turmoil, with the empire increasingly under the control of the British East India Company. Though he attempted to assert his authority, he ultimately lacked the resources and power to reverse the empire's decline. This 'Shah Alam II biography' highlights his difficult reign.
Notable Works
| Work | Description |
|---|---|
| Issuance of Diwani to the British East India Company (1765) | A pivotal decision that transferred revenue collection rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British, significantly increasing their power and influence. |
| Coinage | Issued coins in his name, a standard practice for Mughal Emperors, though their value diminished over time due to the empire's economic woes. |